| 详细介绍：
一、1C31132G01运行环境的保证
因为PLC为精密电子产品，自动化控制的系统是要求长时间不间断运行，因此PLC的运行环境要求极高，要防尘、防火、防水，防高温，防雷电，因此电气控制室一般都安排在具有双层玻璃的、安装有水式制冷空调的二楼，电控室的温度一般控制在28度左右;对于防尘则是将PLC安装在1M＊2.2M＊0.6M的带锁前面板为玻璃门的控制柜中，此柜上部安装有防尘罩的抽风系统进行柜内降温。
二、做好日常工作
1、日常准备工作：首要的熟悉工艺流程，其次是对PLC各种模块的说明资料的熟悉，再次现场布局的了解，最后确保自已的各种检测工具要完好无误。
2、日常点检工作：定期进行CPU的电池的电压检测，正常常情况下为3V，定期对构成PLC系统的相关设备的点检和维护，如UPS定期维护，利用停机时机，对PLC各控制柜进行人工除尘、降温，PLC程序的定期人工备份和电池备份及各相关坏器件的更换等工作。
三、PLC故障的诊断
（一）总法则：
对于PLC系统的故障检测法：一摸、二看、三闻、四听、五按迹寻踪法、六替换法。
一摸，查CPU的温度高不高，CPU正常运行温度不超过60℃，因手能接受的温度为人体温度37～38℃，手感为宜;二看，看各板上的各模块指示灯是否正常;三闻，闻有没有异味，电子元件或线缆有无烧毁;四听，听有无异动，镙丝钉松动、继电器正常工作与否，听现场工作人员的反映情况;五出现故障根据图纸和工艺流程来寻找故障所在地;六对不确定的部位进行部件替换法来确定故障。
（二）具体步骤：
1C31132G01当PLC的软件不正常时，主要看CPU的RUN状态是否正常，不正常则进行CPU清除后重新下载控制程序。
当PLC硬件不正常时则要按以下顺序进行检查工作：
1、查看PLC电源是否有电：有电则测量电压是否在+24V的±5%范围之内，有电且正常，则进行下一步;有电不正常则进行电源模块的输出端与输入端进行检测，若输出端不正常而输入端正常，则更换模块;若输入端不正常，则进行输入端的逆流法则进行相应检查，如进行24V交直流变压器的输入电压端的交流电压220V的±10%检查，正常，则更换直流24V变压器。无电则按迹寻踪，借助原理图+现场布置总图+接线图纸，检查给电源模块供电的各种电器器件的输出端的接线是否正确，不正确，重新接线;正确用万用表则检查空气开关的进线端与出线端有无正常供电，无正常供电，查明是外界还是自身原因，若为外界则是电压不足还是根本无电压，或负载过重，又或严重过流等等的分析，一直到将事故排除正常供电为止;若为本身器件坏则更换之。
2、了解过CPU工作模式及优先级：高优先级有STOP、HOLDUP、STARTUP（WARMRESTART、COLDRESTART）;低优先级有：RUN、RUN-P（PG/PC的在线读写程序）。查看CPU是在RUN模式，或是在STOP模式，又或是RUN模式的闪烁状态和STOP模式兼有的保持模式或叫调试模式。如果仅是RUN模式则CPU和各板为正常进行第3步。如果是保持模式出现，可能是运行过程中用户程序出现断点而处于调试程序状态，或在启动模式下断点出现，对此情况重新调试好程序，再次将控制程序下载到CPU中方可。
1C31132G01如果是STOP模式，目测引起STOP的原因分析：A、无电，分析无电原因，是因为供电部门出问题，还是异常掉电（因有有1K3AH的UPS保证很少发生异常掉情况），通常情况下为检修拉电了，待检修结束后进行人工送电。再利用PLC的在线功能将CPU的工作模式从STOP转换为RUN;B、CPU坏，更换新的好的同种类型同版本的CPU;C、有板子坏了，有序进行板子的更换。对于硬件更换时要注意使用与原来的器件相同的产品同型号、同版本来进行，否则会造成实际的PLC配置与相应编程软件中硬件配置数据库中硬件配置不同而无法进行用户控制程序的正常循环执行。
3、1C31132G01进行各个主板和扩展板上的通迅电缆检查和各模块各LED灯的检察，看是否有坏模块出现fault灯亮，若有则该模块不正常。对于数字量输出模块上各点其实与现实生活上的电灯开关是一样的功能且为常开点，所以在线检修该模块的任一点时，只要在无接线时且该地址在控制程序不给输出信号时来检测其通不通就可以了，若通，则该点不正常，不通则正常;不正常时要进行硬件连接线的另选点重接工作;另外我们也可以用新模块进行更换后，对替换下来的模块的点进行测量通断状态，通，则该点坏，不通该点为好。对于数字量输入模块的点当于导通的线圈，为常闭状态，它可以在线或下线检测，用表检测若是坏点的话则是不通的状态，则换点重接线;好点则为通状态。只要对硬件接线重新换点重接后均要用相应编程软件对控制软件进行0X或1X地址替换工作。对于模拟量输入模块是与数字量输入模块相同，每个通道都相当于一根导线形式，也就是说相当于常闭点，所以检测通道好坏的方法为用表的测通断功能来检测，当通状态时为好，断状态时为坏通道;模拟量输出模块的检测方法与数字量输出模块相同。若坏通道则对硬件接线需要更换通道与并同时替换控制程序中的相应3X或4X地址;另外对于模拟量模块则要进行量程块的选择的检查，保险丝是否断开的检查等工作。软件配置是否正常，一般为电压1～5V或电流4～20mA，这根据所用的传感器与智能转换器类型来选择。进行过硬件点或通道更换工作后条件允许的话均要STOP PLC的CPU，再重新下载程序，若条件不允许则直接用更新变化来下载变化的程序而不停CPU。对于不用的输入模块的好通道/好点与最后一个已用的一好通道/好点进行串联或在软件中进行特别设置。
4、对大量输出模块的板子上的电源模块在正常生产状态时是不能断电的，因为此时断电的话，将使继电器柜中的常开继电器变为常开状态，容易发生错误，因此要对此类的输出模块进行检测时，要与现场操作人员进行联系，进行该部分相关设备进行手动操作后，再撤去数字量输出模块的供电线后对模块测点工作。
5、各类开关类的检测工作：如继电器、接近开关、空气开关等器件的检测工作，是根据开关的类型是常闭型还是常开型来区分，用表来检测其通与不通的状态，其状态与好器件状态相反，则该器件坏了，更换之。对于电路大部情况利用常开型，它们是用来人工控制或自动控制电流的接通与断开的;对于常闭型主要用在保护电路中。借此可以知道开关类和保护类器件的正常状态为如何而正常识别器件的好坏。
6、1C31132G01通迅模块的检测则是利用简单的用好的新的通迅模块进替换来识别板上的正在使用的模块是否正常。
7、导线的测量方法：导线也是通过检测通断方法进行的。可以利用已知通的导线来检测不知是否好坏的导线，方法是将好的导线与未知导线连接起来后测通断状态。
8、电阻检测：带电状态时检测电压，不带电时检测相应的电阻。
四、总结
1C31132G01通过以检测可以排除工作中的大部分故障，另外由于本工作涉及到交流单相电220V与直流电24V的交叉作业，工作时要注意积累安全用电知识与常识，以及在工作时的安全防范措施和煤气安全规程，以确保安全作业。
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